Peptide preparations and peptides with antitumour activity

ABSTRACT

The subject of the present invention are peptide preparations obtained via the enzymatic digestion of hair, wool, bristles, animal fur and individual peptides with sequences corresponding to individual components of a peptide preparation with antitumour activity, for use in the treatment of tumours or oncological prophylaxis as basal components or components of compositions of substances for treating tumours or components of substances used in oncological prophylaxis.

The subject of the present invention are peptide preparations produced as a result of the enzymatic digestion of hair, wool, bristles, animal fur and individual peptides with sequences corresponding to individual components of peptide preparations with antitumour activity for use in the treatment of tumours or oncological prophylaxis as basal components or components of compositions of substances for treating tumours or components of substances used in oncological prophylaxis.

It is commonly accepted that hair, fur and bristles constitute natural, physical protection for an organism against mechanical trauma and thermal protection against excessive heat gain/loss. However, despite the great resistance against natural factors that degrade hair, fur or bristles, there exists the possibility of degrading their component proteins by the enzymes of bacteria and fungi that colonize the skin as well as by endogenous enzymes secreted in sweat. It is also observed that animals lick and swallow their fur, which may be partially degraded in the digestive tract, thereby secreting appropriate peptide fragments. Attempts have been made to seek the biological role of peptides constituting hair, fur or bristles. Patent WO 03/064449 describes and claims the use of active peptides from hair or wool in wound healing. Our studies on the conversion of hair or fur or bristles have made it possible to formulate an original method of converting using chemical activation and then pepsin digestion. This method was described and claimed in 1995 by B. Baranowska, A. W. Lipkowski, E. Marczak, I. Makulec, H. Rybak, J. Pastuszak, in “A method of activating keratinous substances by enzymatic hydrolysis”, Polish Patent Nr 179342.

While studying the biological activity of a preparation produced through the enzymatic digestion of hair or wool or animal fur substrates initially activated by alkali activity, it unexpectedly turned out that these preparations exhibit significant antitumour activity against tumours of various aetiology. Further analysis of the peptides constituting the preparations showed that individual component peptides also demonstrate antitumour activity. For this reason, peptide preparations obtained through the appropriate digestion of hair or wool or animal fur may be used as active ingredients in the treatment or prophylaxis of tumours or that constitute components of substances for treatment or prophylaxis.

Examples of activities are given to better illustrate the present invention, the antitumour activities of the resulting preparations or individual component peptides. The scope of the present invention, however, should not be limited solely to the wording of the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1

Hair from a 60-year old man was activated and hydrolysed with pepsin according to the method described in A. W. Lipkowski, B. Gajkowska, A. Grabowska, K. Kurzepa, “Keratin-associated protein micromaterials for medical and cosmetic applications.”, Polimery, Vol. 54, p. 386-388, 2009.

Hair (20 g) has been stirred in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide in room temperature for 2 hours. Then hair was filtered off and washed twice with water. Residue has been suspended in water, temperature has been adjusted to 40° C. pH has been adjusted with 10% hydrochloric acid to 1.6. Pepsin (5 mg) has been added and reaction mixture has been stirred at 40° C. The pH has been controlled and adjusted to pH 1.6-1.9 with hydrochloric acid. After 5 hours solid residue has been washed out, and filtrate has been heated to 80° C. and after 3 minutes, frozen down to −20° C. temperature, and lyophilised. The residual powder has been used for biological assays.

The portion dissolved as a result of pepsin digestion was yielding the preparation for further experiments. An analysis of the peptides in the preparation demonstrated the presence of peptides with the sequences given in the table and larger peptide with sequences given in the table.

TABLE Identified short peptide sequences  in the preparation obtained from  human hair (amino-acid residues given in the standard single-letter  Item. code)   1 AEIRSDL   2 VVQIDNAKL   3 LVVQIDNAKL   4 NKQVVSSSEQL   5 LNKQVVSSSEQL   6 RQLVESDINGL   7 TESEARYSSQL   8 VVQIDNAKLAADDF   9 NRVLNETRSQYEAL  10 NKQVVSSSEQLQSYQAEIIELR  11 NKQVVSSSEQLQSYQAEIIEL  12 LNKQVVSSSEQLQSYQAEIIEL  13 VVNIDNAKL  14 NKQVVSSSEQL  15 LNKQVVSSSEQL  16 NVEVDTAPTVDL  17 VVNIDNAKLASDDF  18 VVEIDNAKL  19 IQEIDF  20 IDKVRF  21 LEQQNKL  22 ASELNHVQEVL  23 NQQVVSSSEQL  24 NQQVVSSSEQL  25 RQLVESDINGL  26 VVEIDNAKLAADDF  27 IVQIDNAKLAADDF  28 TVIFDTGSSNL  29 GILGPVIKAEVGDTL  30 IQEIDF  31 IDKVRF  32 VVQIDNAKL  33 AEIRSDL  34 AEIRSDLE  35 AEIRSDL  36 VVQIDNAKLA  37 VVQIDNAKL  38 NETRSQYEAL  39 NKQVVSSSEQLQ  40 NKQVVSSSEQL  41 LNKQVVSSSEQL  42 RQLVESDINGL  43 VVQIDNAKLAADDF  44 SQVQSLITNVESQL  45 SQVQSLITNVESQLA  46 NRVLNETRSQYEALV  47 NRVLNETRSQYEAL  48 LNRVLNETRSQYEAL  49 NKQVVSSSEQLQSYQAEIIEL  50 NKQVVSSSEQLQSYQAEIIELR  51 AEIRSDLE  52 AEIRSDL  53 LAEIRSDL  54 VVQIDNAKLA  55 VVQIDNAKL  56 NETRSQYEALV  57 NKQVVSSSEQLQ  58 NKQVVSSSEQL  59 LNKQVVSSSEQL  60 RQLVESDINGL  61 SQVQRLITNVESQLA  62 SQVQRLITNVESQL  63 NQVLNETRSQYEALV  64 LNQVLNETRSQYEAL  65 NQVLNETRSQYEAL  66 NKQVVSSSEQLQSYQAEIIELR  67 NKQVVSSSEQLQSYQAEIIEL  68 VVNIDNAKLA  69 VVNIDNAKL  70 NETRSQYEALV  71 NKQVVSSSEQLQ  72 NKQVVSSSEQL  73 LNKQVVSSSEQL  74 VVNIDNAKLASDDF  75 SQVQSLITNVESQLA  76 SQVQSLITNVESQL  77 NQVLNETRSQYEALV  78 LNQVLNETRSQYEAL  79 NQVLNETRSQYEAL  80 LGRVTIAQGGVL  81 PKKTESHHKAKGK  82 IDKVRF  83 LEQQNKL  84 RATAENEF  85 IREYQEVMNSKLGL  86 QNQLEKLG  87 LQNQLEKL  88 QNQLEKL  89 LGKVTIAQGGVLP  90 PKKTESHHKAKGK  91 YRPWGSGSGFG  92 YRPWGSGSGF  93 ERIAGEASRL  94 AKHAVSEGTKAVTKYTSSK  95 DRANNQVGLAPVA  96 FDRANNQVGLAPVA  97 IGGITGPIAKL  98 MEARGPGELC  99 MEARGPGELC 100 IERIPEL 101 TVIFDTGSSNL 102 LIPWVQKPIIF 103 GKEPLGPAL 104 IVNTNVPRASVPDGF 105 MALPVTAL 106 KVGINYQPPTVVPGGDL 107 IDTSRHYLPVKIIL 108 LGRIPSAVGYQPTL 109 VINGNPITIF 110 MKSCGVSL

The preparation was added at 0.1% concentration into the culture media of tumour cells. A parallel control culture was maintained under identical conditions, but without added preparation. The cultures were maintained over a standardised number of days, under typical conditions. The culture medium was exchanged daily both in the control and experimental cultures. In the experimental culture, the new medium always contained 0.1% of the preparation. After seven days, the number of cells was evaluated in the control and experimental cultures. It turned out that in the case of human melanoma cells, in the control culture the number of cells grew 20-fold over 7 days. In the experimental culture containing 0.1% of the preparation, however, the number of cells remained at the initial level from the outset of the culture. In the case of a 4 day culture of urinary bladder tumour cells, a 0.1% addition of preparation in the culture inhibited the growth of the cells to 70% of the control population. In the case of human lymphoma in a 4 day culture, a 0.1% addition of preparation caused a decrease of proliferation to 35% of that of control cells.

EXAMPLE 2

The hair of a 28-year old woman was activated and hydrolysed with pepsin according to the method described in Example I. The portion dissolved as a result of pepsin digestion was lyophilised yielding the preparation for further experiments. The preparation was added at 0.1% concentration into the culture media of tumour cells. A parallel control culture was maintained under identical conditions, but without added preparation. The cultures were maintained over a standardised number of days, under typical conditions. The culture medium was exchanged daily both in the control and experimental cultures. In the experimental culture, the new medium always contained 0.1% of the preparation. After seven days, the number of cells was evaluated in the control and experimental cultures. It turned out that in the case of human melanoma cells, in the control culture the number of cells grew 20-fold over 7 days. In the experimental culture containing 0.1% of the preparation, however, the number of cells remained at the initial level from the outset of the culture. In the case of a 4 day culture of urinary bladder tumour cells, a 0.1% addition of preparation in the culture inhibited the growth of the cells to 50% of the control population. In the case of human lymphoma in a 4 day culture, a 0.1% addition of preparation completely inhibited the proliferation of the cells.

EXAMPLE 3

Murine bristles were activated and pepsin hydrolysed according to the method described in Example I. The portion dissolved as a result of pepsin digestion was lyophilised yielding the preparation for further experiments. The preparation was added at 0.1% concentration into the culture media of tumour cells. A parallel control culture was maintained under identical conditions, but without added preparation. The cultures were maintained over a standardised number of days, under typical conditions. The culture medium was exchanged daily both in the control and experimental cultures. In the experimental culture, the new medium always contained 0.1% of the preparation. After four days, the number of cells was evaluated in the control and experimental cultures. It turned out that in the case of murine melanoma cells, the addition of the preparation completely inhibited the proliferation of the cells.

EXAMPLE 4

From the list of peptides in the hydrolysate, we arbitrarily selected the peptide sequences 91 (YRPWGSGSGFG) and 92 (YRPWGSGSGF). These peptides were synthesized using the standard Fmoc procedure on a solid phase beginning with appropriate Wanga resin derivatives, Fmoc-Gly-Wang or Fmoc-Phe-Wang. To deprotect the protective group we used 2% piperidine w dimethylformamide (DMF). To attach the subsequent amino-acid we used a 1.5 excess of the appropriate Fmoc-amino-acid in the presence of a 1.5-fold excess of HATU (O-azobenzotriazol-1yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexa fluorophosphate)). After synthesizing the peptide with a sequence corresponding to that of peptides 91 or 92, we treated the resin with 99.5% trifluoroacetic acid for 3 minutes. The acid solution was filtered off and rinsed with two small volumes of acid. The combined filtrates were supplemented with a 5-fold volume of an ethyl-ether and hexane mixture (2:1). The precipitate was drained off and washed with the ethyl ether and hexane mixture. The precipitate was dried and purified chromatographically using high-performance preparative chromatography in a gradient of solution A-0.1% HCl and solution B-methanol. The resulting pure peptides in the form of hydrochlorides were used in biological tests.

The synthetic peptides were examined for their effect on the proliferation of melanoma cells of the line MeW 155. The culture was maintained under standard conditions for 3 days with 4000 cells per well of a 96-well culture plate. After three days, the numbers of cells in the control group increased to 120 000. It turned out that after 3 days of culture, peptide 91 at a concentration of 0.004 mM decreased cell numbers to 55% of the control, and a 0.02 mM concentration decreased the cells to 35%, whereas 0.1 mM was toxic to MeW 155 cells. Peptide 92 at 0.004 mM decreased the number of tumour cells to 65% of the control, a 0.02 mMol concentration decreased the number of cells to 49%, and a concentration of 0.1 mM was toxic to melanoma cells. 

1. A peptide with antitumour activity comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1; SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 3; SEQ ID NO: 4; SEQ ID NO: 5; SEQ ID NO: 6; SEQ ID NO: 7; SEQ ID NO: 8; SEQ ID NO: 9; SEQ ID NO: 10; SEQ ID NO: 11; SEQ ID NO: 12; SEQ ID NO: 13; SEQ ID NO: 14; SEQ ID NO: 15; SEQ ID NO: 16; SEQ ID NO: 17; SEQ ID NO: 18; SEQ ID NO: 19; SEQ ID NO: 20; SEQ ID NO: 21; SEQ ID NO: 22; SEQ ID NO: 23; SEQ ID NO: 24; SEQ ID NO: 25; SEQ ID NO: 26; SEQ ID NO: 27; SEQ ID NO: 28 SEQ ID NO: 29; SEQ ID NO: 30; SEQ ID NO: 31; SEQ ID NO: 32; SEQ ID NO: 33; SEQ ID NO: 34; SEQ ID NO: 35; SEQ ID NO: 36; SEQ ID NO: 37; SEQ ID NO: 38; SEQ ID NO: 39; SEQ ID NO: 40; SEQ ID NO: 41; SEQ ID NO: 42; SEQ ID NO: 43; SEQ ID NO: 44; SEQ ID NO: 45; SEQ ID NO: 46; SEQ ID NO: 47; SEQ ID NO: 48; SEQ ID NO: 49; SEQ ID NO: 50; SEQ ID NO: 51; SEQ ID NO: 52; SEQ ID NO: 53; SEQ ID NO: 54; SEQ ID NO: 55; SEQ ID NO: 56; SEQ ID NO: 57; SEQ ID NO: 58; SEQ ID NO: 59; SEQ ID NO: 60; SEQ ID NO: 61; SEQ ID NO: 262; SEQ ID NO: 63; SEQ ID NO: 64; SEQ ID NO: 65; SEQ ID NO: 66; SEQ ID NO: 67; SEQ ID NO: 68; SEQ ID NO: 69; SEQ ID NO: 70; SEQ ID NO: 71; SEQ ID NO: 72; SEQ ID NO: 73; SEQ ID NO: 74; SEQ ID NO: 75; SEQ ID NO: 76; SEQ ID NO: 77; SEQ ID NO: 78; SEQ ID NO: 79; SEQ ID NO: 80; SEQ ID NO: 81; SEQ ID NO: 82; SEQ ID NO: 83; SEQ ID NO: 84; SEQ ID NO: 85; SEQ ID NO: 86; SEQ ID NO: 87; SEQ ID NO: 88; SEQ ID NO: 89; SEQ ID NO: 90; SEQ ID NO: 91; SEQ ID NO: 92; SEQ ID NO: 93; SEQ ID NO: 94; SEQ ID NO: 95; SEQ ID NO: 96; SEQ ID NO: 97; SEQ ID NO: 98; SEQ ID NO: 99; SEQ ID NO: 100; SEQ ID NO: 101; SEQ ID NO: 102; SEQ ID NO: 103; SEQ ID NO: 104; SEQ ID NO: 105; SEQ ID NO: 106; SEQ ID NO: 107; SEQ ID NO: 108; SEQ ID NO: 109; SEQ ID NO: 110; and a mixture thereof.
 2. (canceled)
 3. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1; SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 3; SEQ ID NO: 4; SEQ ID NO: 5; SEQ ID NO: 6; SEQ ID NO: 7; SEQ ID NO: 8; SEQ ID NO: 9; SEQ ID NO: 10; SEQ ID NO: 11; SEQ ID NO: 12; SEQ ID NO: 13; SEQ ID NO: 14; SEQ ID NO: 15; SEQ ID NO: 16; SEQ ID NO: 17; SEQ ID NO: 18; SEQ ID NO: 19; SEQ ID NO: 20; SEQ ID NO: 21; SEQ ID NO: 22; SEQ ID NO: 23; SEQ ID NO: 24; SEQ ID NO: 25; SEQ ID NO: 26; SEQ ID NO: 27; SEQ ID NO: 28 SEQ ID NO: 29; SEQ ID NO: 30; SEQ ID NO: 31; SEQ ID NO: 32; SEQ ID NO: 33; SEQ ID NO: 34; SEQ ID NO: 35; SEQ ID NO: 36; SEQ ID NO: 37; SEQ ID NO: 38; SEQ ID NO: 39; SEQ ID NO: 40; SEQ ID NO: 41; SEQ ID NO: 42; SEQ ID NO: 43; SEQ ID NO: 44; SEQ ID NO: 45; SEQ ID NO: 46; SEQ ID NO: 47; SEQ ID NO: 48; SEQ ID NO: 49; SEQ ID NO: 50; SEQ ID NO: 51; SEQ ID NO: 52; SEQ ID NO: 53; SEQ ID NO: 54; SEQ ID NO: 55; SEQ ID NO: 56; SEQ ID NO: 57; SEQ ID NO: 58; SEQ ID NO: 59; SEQ ID NO: 60; SEQ ID NO: 61; SEQ ID NO: 262; SEQ ID NO: 63; SEQ ID NO: 64; SEQ ID NO: 65; SEQ ID NO: 66; SEQ ID NO: 67; SEQ ID NO: 68; SEQ ID NO: 69; SEQ ID NO: 70; SEQ ID NO: 71; SEQ ID NO: 72; SEQ ID NO: 73; SEQ ID NO: 74; SEQ ID NO: 75; SEQ ID NO: 76; SEQ ID NO: 77; SEQ ID NO: 78; SEQ ID NO: 79; SEQ ID NO: 80; SEQ ID NO: 81; SEQ ID NO: 82; SEQ ID NO: 83; SEQ ID NO: 84; SEQ ID NO: 85; SEQ ID NO: 86; SEQ ID NO: 87; SEQ ID NO: 88; SEQ ID NO: 89; SEQ ID NO: 90; SEQ ID NO: 91; SEQ ID NO: 92; SEQ ID NO: 93; SEQ ID NO: 94; SEQ ID NO: 95; SEQ ID NO: 96; SEQ ID NO: 97; SEQ ID NO: 98; SEQ ID NO: 99; SEQ ID NO: 100; SEQ ID NO: 101; SEQ ID NO: 102; SEQ ID NO: 103; SEQ ID NO: 104; SEQ ID NO: 105; SEQ ID NO: 106; SEQ ID NO: 107; SEQ ID NO: 108; SEQ ID NO: 109; SEQ ID NO: 110; and a mixture thereof; and a suitable carrier.
 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of a cream, ointment, cosmetic liquid, an implant or an oral preparation.
 5. (canceled)
 6. A method of preparing an antitumor peptide composition comprising the steps of: (a) providing a keratinous material comprising a material selected from the group consisting of hair, wool, fur, and bristles; (b) activating said keratinous material with alkali hydroxide to provide an activated keratinous material; (c) enzymatically digesting said activated keratinous material to provide a hydrolyzed mixture; (d) separating undigested keratinous material from said hydrolyzed mixture to obtain an aqueous hydrolysate comprising antitumor peptides; (e) optionally separating water from said aqueous hydrolysate to obtain a peptide mixture comprising antitumor peptides.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said activating step (b) comprises treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein said digesting step (d) comprises treatment with pepsin at a pH of 1.6 to 1.9.
 9. The method of claim 6, wherein said water separating step (e) comprises lyophilization.
 10. A method of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells in vitro, comprising treating tumor cells with a cell growth-inhibiting amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1; SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 3; SEQ ID NO: 4; SEQ ID NO: 5; SEQ ID NO: 6; SEQ ID NO: 7; SEQ ID NO: 8; SEQ ID NO: 9; SEQ ID NO: 10; SEQ ID NO: 11; SEQ ID NO: 12; SEQ ID NO: 13; SEQ ID NO: 14; SEQ ID NO: 15; SEQ ID NO: 16; SEQ ID NO: 17; SEQ ID NO: 18; SEQ ID NO: 19; SEQ ID NO: 20; SEQ ID NO: 21; SEQ ID NO: 22; SEQ ID NO: 23; SEQ ID NO: 24; SEQ ID NO: 25; SEQ ID NO: 26; SEQ ID NO: 27; SEQ ID NO: 28; SEQ ID NO: 29; SEQ ID NO: 30; SEQ ID NO: 31; SEQ ID NO: 32; SEQ ID NO: 33; SEQ ID NO: 34; SEQ ID NO: 35; SEQ ID NO: 36; SEQ ID NO: 37; SEQ ID NO: 38; SEQ ID NO: 39; SEQ ID NO: 40; SEQ ID NO: 41; SEQ ID NO: 42; SEQ ID NO: 43; SEQ ID NO: 44; SEQ ID NO: 45; SEQ ID NO: 46; SEQ ID NO: 47; SEQ ID NO: 48; SEQ ID NO: 49; SEQ ID NO: 50; SEQ ID NO: 51; SEQ ID NO: 52; SEQ ID NO: 53; SEQ ID NO: 54; SEQ ID NO: 55; SEQ ID NO: 56; SEQ ID NO: 57; SEQ ID NO: 58; SEQ ID NO: 59; SEQ ID NO: 60; SEQ ID NO: 61; SEQ ID NO: 262; SEQ ID NO: 63; SEQ ID NO: 64; SEQ ID NO: 65; SEQ ID NO: 66; SEQ ID NO: 67; SEQ ID NO: 68; SEQ ID NO: 69; SEQ ID NO: 70; SEQ ID NO: 71; SEQ ID NO: 72; SEQ ID NO: 73; SEQ ID NO: 74; SEQ ID NO: 75; SEQ ID NO: 76; SEQ ID NO: 77; SEQ ID NO: 78; SEQ ID NO: 79; SEQ ID NO: 80; SEQ ID NO: 81; SEQ ID NO: 82; SEQ ID NO: 83; SEQ ID NO: 84; SEQ ID NO: 85; SEQ ID NO: 86; SEQ ID NO: 87; SEQ ID NO: 88; SEQ ID NO: 89; SEQ ID NO: 90; SEQ ID NO: 91; SEQ ID NO: 92; SEQ ID NO: 93; SEQ ID NO: 94; SEQ ID NO: 95; SEQ ID NO: 96; SEQ ID NO: 97; SEQ ID NO: 98; SEQ ID NO: 99; SEQ ID NO: 100; SEQ ID NO: 101; SEQ ID NO: 102; SEQ ID NO: 103; SEQ ID NO: 104; SEQ ID NO: 105; SEQ ID NO: 106; SEQ ID NO: 107; SEQ ID NO: 108; SEQ ID NO: 109; SEQ ID NO: 110, and a mixture of one or more of said individual peptides.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said cell growth-inhibiting amount is 0.1% based on the culture medium of the peptide mixture, or 0.004 to 0.1 mM in the culture medium of the individual peptide.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein said tumor cells are selected from the group consisting of melanoma cells, urinary bladder tumor cells, and human lymphoma cells.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said melanoma cells are selected from the group consisting of human and murine melanoma cells.
 14. A method of treating tumors comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1; SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 3; SEQ ID NO: 4; SEQ ID NO: 5; SEQ ID NO: 6; SEQ ID NO: 7; SEQ ID NO: 8; SEQ ID NO: 9; SEQ ID NO: 10; SEQ ID NO: 11; SEQ ID NO: 12; SEQ ID NO: 13; SEQ ID NO: 14; SEQ ID NO: 15; SEQ ID NO: 16; SEQ ID NO: 17; SEQ ID NO: 18; SEQ ID NO: 19; SEQ ID NO: 20; SEQ ID NO: 21; SEQ ID NO: 22; SEQ ID NO: 23; SEQ ID NO: 24; SEQ ID NO: 25; SEQ ID NO: 26; SEQ ID NO: 27; SEQ ID NO: 28 SEQ ID NO: 29; SEQ ID NO: 30; SEQ ID NO: 31; SEQ ID NO: 32; SEQ ID NO: 33; SEQ ID NO: 34; SEQ ID NO: 35; SEQ ID NO: 36; SEQ ID NO: 37; SEQ ID NO: 38; SEQ ID NO: 39; SEQ ID NO: 40; SEQ ID NO: 41; SEQ ID NO: 42; SEQ ID NO: 43; SEQ ID NO: 44; SEQ ID NO: 45; SEQ ID NO: 46; SEQ ID NO: 47; SEQ ID NO: 48; SEQ ID NO: 49; SEQ ID NO: 50; SEQ ID NO: 51; SEQ ID NO: 52; SEQ ID NO: 53; SEQ ID NO: 54; SEQ ID NO: 55; SEQ ID NO: 56; SEQ ID NO: 57; SEQ ID NO: 58; SEQ ID NO: 59; SEQ ID NO: 60; SEQ ID NO: 61; SEQ ID NO: 262; SEQ ID NO: 63; SEQ ID NO: 64; SEQ ID NO: 65; SEQ ID NO: 66; SEQ ID NO: 67; SEQ ID NO: 68; SEQ ID NO: 69; SEQ ID NO: 70; SEQ ID NO: 71; SEQ ID NO: 72; SEQ ID NO: 73; SEQ ID NO: 74; SEQ ID NO: 75; SEQ ID NO: 76; SEQ ID NO: 77; SEQ ID NO: 78; SEQ ID NO: 79; SEQ ID NO: 80; SEQ ID NO: 81; SEQ ID NO: 82; SEQ ID NO: 83; SEQ ID NO: 84; SEQ ID NO: 85; SEQ ID NO: 86; SEQ ID NO: 87; SEQ ID NO: 88; SEQ ID NO: 89; SEQ ID NO: 90; SEQ ID NO: 91; SEQ ID NO: 92; SEQ ID NO: 93; SEQ ID NO: 94; SEQ ID NO: 95; SEQ ID NO: 96; SEQ ID NO: 97; SEQ ID NO: 98; SEQ ID NO: 99; SEQ ID NO: 100; SEQ ID NO: 101; SEQ ID NO: 102; SEQ ID NO: 103; SEQ ID NO: 104; SEQ ID NO: 105; SEQ ID NO: 106; SEQ ID NO: 107; SEQ ID NO: 108; SEQ ID NO: 109; SEQ ID NO: 110; and a mixture thereof; and a suitable carrier.
 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 91; SEQ ID NO: 92 or a combination thereof.
 16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-tumour peptide, wherein the peptide is obtained by a process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a keratinous material comprising a material selected from the group consisting of hair, wool, fur, and bristles; (b) activating said keratinous material with alkali to provide an activated keratinous material; (c) enzymatically digesting said activated keratinous material to provide a hydrolyzed mixture; (d) separating undigested keratinous material from said hydrolyzed mixture to obtain an aqueous hydrolysate comprising antitumor peptides; (e) optionally separating water from said aqueous hydrolysate, (d) obtaining and optionally isolating a peptide or a peptide mixture having antitumor activity.
 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16, wherein the peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1; SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 3; SEQ ID NO: 4; SEQ ID NO: 5; SEQ ID NO: 6; SEQ ID NO: 7; SEQ ID NO: 8; SEQ ID NO: 9; SEQ ID NO: 10; SEQ ID NO: 11; SEQ ID NO: 12; SEQ ID NO: 13; SEQ ID NO: 14; SEQ ID NO: 15; SEQ ID NO: 16; SEQ ID NO: 17; SEQ ID NO: 18; SEQ ID NO: 19; SEQ ID NO: 20; SEQ ID NO: 21; SEQ ID NO: 22; SEQ ID NO: 23; SEQ ID NO: 24; SEQ ID NO: 25; SEQ ID NO: 26; SEQ ID NO: 27; SEQ ID NO: 28 SEQ ID NO: 29; SEQ ID NO: 30; SEQ ID NO: 31; SEQ ID NO: 32; SEQ ID NO: 33; SEQ ID NO: 34; SEQ ID NO: 35; SEQ ID NO: 36; SEQ ID NO: 37; SEQ ID NO: 38; SEQ ID NO: 39; SEQ ID NO: 40; SEQ ID NO: 41; SEQ ID NO: 42; SEQ ID NO: 43; SEQ ID NO: 44; SEQ ID NO: 45; SEQ ID NO: 46; SEQ ID NO: 47; SEQ ID NO: 48; SEQ ID NO: 49; SEQ ID NO: 50; SEQ ID NO: 51; SEQ ID NO: 52; SEQ ID NO: 53; SEQ ID NO: 54; SEQ ID NO: 55; SEQ ID NO: 56; SEQ ID NO: 57; SEQ ID NO: 58; SEQ ID NO: 59; SEQ ID NO: 60; SEQ ID NO: 61; SEQ ID NO: 262; SEQ ID NO: 63; SEQ ID NO: 64; SEQ ID NO: 65; SEQ ID NO: 66; SEQ ID NO: 67; SEQ ID NO: 68; SEQ ID NO: 69; SEQ ID NO: 70; SEQ ID NO: 71; SEQ ID NO: 72; SEQ ID NO: 73; SEQ ID NO: 74; SEQ ID NO: 75; SEQ ID NO: 76; SEQ ID NO: 77; SEQ ID NO: 78; SEQ ID NO: 79; SEQ ID NO: 80; SEQ ID NO: 81; SEQ ID NO: 82; SEQ ID NO: 83; SEQ ID NO: 84; SEQ ID NO: 85; SEQ ID NO: 86; SEQ ID NO: 87; SEQ ID NO: 88; SEQ ID NO: 89; SEQ ID NO: 90; SEQ ID NO: 91; SEQ ID NO: 92; SEQ ID NO: 93; SEQ ID NO: 94; SEQ ID NO: 95; SEQ ID NO: 96; SEQ ID NO: 97; SEQ ID NO: 98; SEQ ID NO: 99; SEQ ID NO: 100; SEQ ID NO: 101; SEQ ID NO: 102; SEQ ID NO: 103; SEQ ID NO: 104; SEQ ID NO: 105; SEQ ID NO: 106; SEQ ID NO: 107; SEQ ID NO: 108; SEQ ID NO: 109; and SEQ ID NO: 110; and a mixture thereof.
 18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 91; SEQ ID NO: 92 or a combination thereof. 